8 Steps How to Overcome Culture Shock for Expats in Jakarta

How to Overcome Culture Shock for Expats in Jakarta – Moving to Jakarta, or any foreign city, can be a thrilling yet overwhelming experience. The excitement of discovering a new culture, lifestyle, and environment is often accompanied by the challenge of adapting to unfamiliar norms and practices. For expats arriving in Jakarta, the rapid pace of life, bustling streets, and differences in social etiquette can lead to what is known as “culture shock.” 

But don’t worry—this article will guide you through the steps to understand and overcome culture shock, providing actionable tips and insights that will help you make the most of your expat experience in Jakarta. Let’s explore how to overcome culture shock for expats in Jakarta’s dynamic environment.

What is Culture Shock?

Culture shock refers to the feeling of disorientation and discomfort that individuals experience when they move to a new country and encounter a completely different culture from their own. For expats moving to Jakarta, this phenomenon can be especially challenging due to Indonesia’s unique cultural, social, and environmental differences.

Culture shock affects expats by creating feelings of confusion, frustration, and alienation as they adjust to their new surroundings. From language barriers to differences in food, customs, and daily life, these challenges can impact mental well-being, productivity, and even relationships with others. Understanding how culture shock manifests and how to navigate it is key to easing the transition.

Read also: Living in Jakarta as an Expat: What We Need to Know Before Moving

What Are the Stages of Culture Shock for an Expat in Jakarta Mostly?

Culture shock doesn’t happen overnight, and for most expats, it progresses in stages. Understanding these stages can help you anticipate and manage the emotional highs and lows of moving to Jakarta.

1. The Honeymoon Stage

The honeymoon stage is the initial phase of living abroad, where everything feels exciting and new. The expat is often in awe of the foreign culture, finding everything fascinating and different. In Jakarta, this might mean the excitement of exploring iconic places like the National Monument (Monas) or enjoying the bustling food scene with street vendors offering local favorites like nasi goreng or satay.

Learn how long the honeymoon stage lasts here for expats and discover tips to navigate the transition to everyday life in a new country.

During the initial stage of relocation, expats often experience excitement and idealize the host culture, driven by the brain’s release of dopamine triggered by new experiences. A study from the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (2001) found that around 70-80% of expats report positive emotions during the first few weeks or months due to this sense of novelty and adventure.

Read also: How Long Does the Honeymoon Stage Last: Adjusting to Life in Jakarta

2. The Frustration Stage

Soon after, the honeymoon phase wears off, and expats begin to encounter frustrations. These may come from language barriers, traffic congestion, or feeling misunderstood by locals. In Jakarta, the famous traffic jams, as well as the challenges of understanding Bahasa Indonesia, can lead to a sense of isolation and frustration.

The second stage of relocation is often the most challenging, with expats experiencing homesickness, isolation, and frustration. Research by Mendenhall and Oddou (1985) highlights that language barriers and cultural misunderstandings add to the stress, while a survey by InterNations (2020) found that 46% of expats report frustration or confusion within the first six months, largely due to these factors.

Read also: Survival Guide for The Expat’s in New Country

3. The Adaptation Stage

By now, expats start to adjust to their new environment. They may not fully understand every aspect of the culture, but they’ve learned to navigate daily life more comfortably. In Jakarta, this might involve finding local supermarkets, using public transportation like TransJakarta, or joining an expat community where you can practice speaking Bahasa Indonesia.

Adapting to a new culture is a gradual process of learning and adjusting to local customs, which enhances psychological resilience. According to Expat Insider (2018), 58% of expats report a more positive outlook after one year as they feel more integrated and develop a stronger sense of community.

4. The Acceptance Stage

At this point, the expat has fully adapted to their new life in Jakarta. They may even begin to embrace local customs and integrate into the community. They feel at home and are able to manage their daily routines effectively. They have found a way to live harmoniously with the cultural differences they once found overwhelming.

The final stage of expat adaptation involves full integration into the host culture, marked by comfort and a balanced view of cultural differences. According to Berry’s Acculturation Model (1997), this stage reflects a positive adaptation where expats merge elements of both cultures. A study by Kraimer et al. (2001) found that expats who had lived in the host country for over three years reported 50% higher satisfaction and a greater sense of acceptance compared to those who stayed for shorter periods.

According to a 2019 Global Expatriates Survey, 27% of expats report feeling lonely or disconnected at the beginning of their journey. Studies show that expats who receive strong support from their employers or family tend to transition more smoothly through the stages.

Read also: Benefits Living and Working in Indonesia as an Expat

Common Struggles with Culture Shock in Jakarta

Expats moving to Jakarta often face several challenges such as:

1. Traffic Congestion:

Jakarta’s traffic is notorious for being one of the worst in the world. Expats who relocate to the city often find themselves spending hours stuck in traffic, especially during rush hours. For instance, some of our expats shared their experience of daily commuting to work, which could take up to two hours one way. Despite being a short distance from their office, the constant traffic jams were draining and led to high stress levels. “In my home country, a 20-minute commute was normal, but in Jakarta, it’s a test of patience,” one of them said. This struggle is common among expats, and it often adds to the stress of adjusting to life in Jakarta.

2. Language Barriers:

Although many people in Jakarta speak basic English, the majority of day-to-day interactions occur in Bahasa Indonesia. One of our expats, who moved from India, often found it challenging to communicate beyond basic greetings. “When I first arrived, I couldn’t understand the local language, and even simple tasks like ordering food or asking for directions felt daunting,” he admitted. Language barriers can lead to misunderstandings and frustration. Many expats feel isolated or excluded from local life, particularly in non-tourist areas where English is less commonly spoken.

A study by InterNations (2020) found that 44% of expats mentioned language barriers as a significant difficulty in their daily lives. The survey also highlighted that 43% of expats said they struggled to integrate socially due to language differences.

2. Social Isolation:

When moving to Jakarta, many expats struggle with social isolation, especially if they don’t have a strong network of friends or family. For example, an expat from Canada, initially found it difficult to connect with locals due to the language barrier. “Even though Jakarta has a large expat community, it felt like I was on the outside looking in,” one of them said. The difficulty of making local friends and the feeling of being separated from family and friends back home can contribute to loneliness. However, joining expat groups and attending social events gradually helped an expat build a network and combat feelings of isolation.

According to the same InterNations survey, 39% of expats cited feeling lonely or socially isolated as one of the top challenges they faced when living abroad. Additionally, 31% of expats reported difficulties in forming close friendships in a foreign country due to cultural differences.

3. Unfamiliar Social Norms:

Cultural differences in Jakarta can be difficult to navigate, especially when it comes to social expectations. For example, an expat from the United States, shared how she struggled with Indonesia’s strong sense of respect for elders. “In my country, it’s normal to call adults by their first names, but here in Jakarta, I quickly learned that using formal titles like ‘Bapak’ or ‘Ibu’ is a sign of respect,” she explained. In addition, public displays of affection, such as holding hands or kissing, are generally frowned upon in public spaces. For expats unfamiliar with these cultural norms, it can take time to adjust, and inadvertently violating these social codes can lead to discomfort or even conflict.

A report by The Economist Intelligence Unit (2018) highlighted that 37% of expats faced difficulties adjusting to local social norms, particularly in countries with distinct cultural practices that differ significantly from their own.

4. Workplace Challenges:

Navigating the workplace in Jakarta can be tricky, particularly for expats unfamiliar with Indonesian professional norms. One of our expat shared her experience of adjusting to Jakarta’s hierarchical work culture. “In my previous job, we had a very open and flat hierarchy, but in Jakarta, I had to get used to the formality and respect for authority,” she explained. Indonesian workplaces often require deference to superiors and more formal communication than in some Western countries, which can be challenging for expats who are used to a more egalitarian workplace environment. Misunderstandings about these cultural differences can impact work relationships and job performance.

According to the Global Expatriates Survey (2019) by HSBC, 35% of expats indicated they faced challenges adjusting to workplace cultures. This includes different approaches to work-life balance, communication styles, and expectations of hierarchy.

5. Financial Adjustments:

The financial adjustment to living in Jakarta can also be a significant challenge. While Jakarta can be affordable compared to other global cities, expats may face unexpected expenses. For instance, an expat from the US, noted how expensive housing and private healthcare are compared to what he anticipated. “I was surprised by how much I had to pay for rent and medical services, which are much higher for foreigners,” he said. Many expats also face the challenge of adjusting to the local currency, with the need to account for exchange rates and inflation, which can make budgeting tricky. Expats who do not plan carefully for these costs may struggle financially, especially in the initial months.

According to HSBC’s Expat Explorer Survey (2020), 26% of expats indicated that financial management was a key challenge. This includes adjusting to a new cost of living, understanding the local financial system, and managing savings in a foreign currency.

How Does Culture Shock Impact Expats When They Move to Jakarta?

Culture shock can impact expats in Jakarta by hindering their ability to integrate into society, form relationships, and perform effectively at work. Feelings of isolation or frustration can lead to a lack of motivation and hinder productivity. Moreover, these emotional challenges can affect their mental health, making it essential to address culture shock early on to avoid long-term negative impacts.

1. Different Hand Gestures:

Hand gestures that seem harmless in one culture can be offensive in another. For example, the “OK” gesture (forming a circle with your thumb and index finger) is positive in many Western cultures but can be considered an insult in parts of the Middle East.

In Jakarta, understanding the local hand gestures is essential to avoid miscommunication and unintentional offense. Expats can ease this challenge by researching common hand gestures in Indonesia and observing local behavior.

2. Facial Expressions and Levels of Eye Contact:

Different cultures have varying expectations regarding facial expressions and eye contact. In Jakarta, making eye contact may be considered a sign of attentiveness, but it is important to understand the context.

Prolonged eye contact, especially with superiors, might be seen as confrontational. Similarly, a smile could be interpreted as politeness or, in some cases, as nervousness. Expats should be mindful of local body language cues, particularly in formal settings, to avoid misunderstandings.

3. Waiting in Lines:

The concept of queuing varies across cultures. In Jakarta, waiting in line is not always strictly observed in busy places like markets or public transport, where people may form a crowd instead.

This can be confusing for expats who are used to orderly lines. To avoid feeling frustrated, expats should observe how locals behave and be assertive but polite if the situation calls for it.

4. Greeting Customs (Hug, Kiss, Handshake):

Greeting customs in Jakarta differ from those in many Western countries. While a handshake is a common greeting, it’s important to be aware of local customs.

For example, a bow or a slight nod of the head can also be seen as a respectful gesture. Expats should start with a handshake and observe the other person’s body language to adjust to the expected greeting. Understanding these nuances can help expats feel more comfortable when meeting locals.

5. Haggling and Tipping:

In Jakarta, haggling is a common practice in markets, and expats might find that fixed prices are not always the norm. While tipping is appreciated in restaurants and for services, it’s not as ingrained as in some other countries like the U.S.

For example, bargaining at a local market is expected, but tipping may not always be required. Expats should research the tipping and haggling culture in Jakarta and adapt accordingly, ensuring they negotiate politely when necessary.

Read also: Cultural Do’s and Don’ts in Indonesia

The Symptoms of Culture Shock in Expats When Moving to Jakarta

Culture shock is a well-documented phenomenon that occurs when individuals encounter a culture vastly different from their own. For expats moving to Jakarta, this process can bring about emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms. Recognizing these signs early can help mitigate their effects and ease the adjustment period. Here’s a deeper dive into the symptoms, supported by research and statistical data:

1. Emotional and Psychological Symptoms:

• Feelings of Frustration and Confusion: One of the most common emotional responses to culture shock is frustration. Expats in Jakarta may find themselves struggling with unfamiliar social rules, communication styles, and everyday practices. Studies have shown that 50% of expatriates report feeling overwhelmed by new social norms, leading to confusion and a sense of disorientation (Source: Expatriate Management Study by Mercer).
• Mood Swings, Anxiety, or Depression: The stress of adjusting to a new environment often leads to mood instability. According to a study by the International Society for Mental Health Online (ISMHO), around 35% of expats experience depressive symptoms during their initial adjustment phase, with heightened levels of anxiety also reported. This can lead to a general sense of unease or sadness during the early months in Jakarta.
• Isolation or Loneliness: Expats often feel isolated due to language barriers or the absence of familiar support networks. This sense of loneliness can be especially pronounced in the first few months. Research suggests that loneliness in expatriates significantly increases the risk of depression, and without intervention, it can persist for months (Source: International Adjustment Survey).

2. Physical Symptoms:

• Fatigue or Lack of Energy: Adjusting to a new culture is mentally and physically taxing. Many expats in Jakarta experience fatigue as they navigate daily life in an unfamiliar environment. Fatigue may also result from disrupted sleep patterns, unfamiliar food, or constant anxiety. Studies indicate that over 40% of expatriates report feeling unusually tired during their first few months in a new country (Source: International Adjustment Survey).
• Sleep Disturbances or Appetite Changes: Sleep issues are common when adjusting to a new time zone and lifestyle. About 30% of expatriates experience sleep disturbances during their culture shock period. This lack of rest can contribute to fatigue and make it more difficult to adjust. Additionally, appetite changes are often observed, as expats are introduced to new food cultures and meal schedules that differ from their home country’s norms.
• Difficulty Focusing or Performing Tasks: Cognitive impairment, such as trouble concentrating or making decisions, is another physical manifestation of culture shock. These issues can arise from the mental stress and fatigue expats feel as they try to adapt to their new surroundings. Studies show that 25% of expatriates experience difficulties with focus, particularly in the first few months after arriving abroad.

3. Long-term Impact and Mental Health:

If culture shock is not properly managed, it can lead to long-term mental health issues like chronic stress, anxiety, or depression. A study in Australia found that 40% of expats without adequate support experienced ongoing mental health challenges after settling in.

In Jakarta, culture shock can significantly impact an expat’s experience. Recognizing the signs early, seeking support from expat networks, and adapting proactively can help minimize its effects and lead to a more successful, enjoyable stay.

Tips How to Overcome Culture Shock for Expats in Jakarta

Here are some practical strategies for overcoming culture shock when living in Jakarta.

1. Prepare as Much as Possible Before You Go in Terms of Learning the Language

Learning Bahasa Indonesia can greatly enhance an expat’s experience in Jakarta by improving communication and helping build connections with locals. For example, one of our expat felt more confident and connected with street vendors after learning how to order food in Bahasa. A study by the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology found that language proficiency is linked to reduced feelings of isolation and stress, with over 60% of expatriates reporting a better experience abroad when speaking the local language, even at a basic level.

2. Reach Out to Both Expat and Local Groups to Make Contacts Before You Arrive

Jakarta has many expat communities, such as the Jakarta Expat Forum and Facebook groups like “Expats in Jakarta,” where newcomers can connect and share experiences. Engaging with locals through social events, like food festivals, also offers cultural immersion. Research by the International Journal of Intercultural Relations shows that expats with strong social networks in their new destination tend to adjust better, with 45% of those involved in community groups reporting less stress during their transition.

3. Establish a Routine as Quickly as Possible Based Around the New Time Zone and How a Typical Day Runs

Establishing a daily routine can help expats feel more at home in Jakarta, especially since the city operates on Indonesia Western Time (WIB), which may differ from their home time zone. Regular work hours, meals, social activities, or even a gym schedule or morning walks around Sudirman can aid in adjusting to daily life. A study by the American Journal of Psychology found that individuals who set up a routine within the first few weeks of their stay abroad experienced a 30% reduction in stress and anxiety, as it provides structure and predictability crucial for mental health.

4. Avoid Comparisons Between Your New Destination and Your Home Country

One of the challenges of culture shock is the tendency to compare your new home to your old one. In Jakarta, it’s important to avoid comparing traffic or food to your home country and instead embrace the city’s unique qualities, such as its diverse food options like Padang food, Dim Sum, and local desserts like es cendol. A study by Cultural Dimensions found that expats who frequently compared their host country to their home country were 40% more likely to experience prolonged culture shock, while those who embraced the new culture without comparison reported higher satisfaction levels, up to 55%.

5. Jakarta is a Cosmopolitan City with a Vibrant and Diverse Culinary Scene

Jakarta is a cosmopolitan city with a vibrant culinary scene, offering a wide range of global cuisines for expats to enjoy. For Italian dishes, places like Cipriani and La Moda provide elegant settings, while Sushi Tei, Ginza Sushiko, and Nobu offer fresh Japanese specialties. Middle Eastern cuisine can be found at Al Nafoura, Turkish Kebab, and Shawarma Restaurant. Additionally, Jakarta boasts a variety of Indian, Mexican, Western, American, Chinese, and Halal food options, ensuring there’s something for every taste.

6. Keep Exploring and Being Curious About Jakarta

Jakarta offers a wealth of culinary delights, cultural landmarks, and shopping experiences, making it an exciting place for expats to explore. Visiting places like Pasar Santa or Kota Tua, and trying Indonesian dishes such as gado-gado and rendang, can help expats connect with the local culture and ease homesickness. Research in the Journal of Global Mobility found that expatriates who actively explored their new destination reported a 60% higher rate of cultural adaptation and personal satisfaction, with many feeling “at home” after a year abroad.

7. Talk About Your Feelings

It’s important not to bottle up frustrations when dealing with culture shock. Talking to other expats, friends, or even a counselor can help process these feelings. Many expats in Jakarta join local support groups or engage in online forums to share their experiences of adjusting to life in the city. According to the International Journal of Stress Management, expatriates who regularly discussed their feelings with others were 50% less likely to experience severe mental health issues like depression and anxiety compared to those who isolated themselves.

8. Put Your Health First as Everything Else Is Harder to Deal With if You Are Sick

Maintaining good physical health is essential for expats adjusting to life in Jakarta, where the hot, humid climate can lead to dehydration and fatigue. Staying hydrated, eating healthy, and getting plenty of rest are key to handling culture shock. A study by the World Health Organization found that expats who maintained healthy lifestyles, including adequate sleep, exercise, and balanced nutrition, had a 45% lower risk of experiencing severe symptoms of culture shock, as physical well-being is closely linked to mental resilience.

How to Grow from Your Culture Shock and Turn It Into a Learning Opportunity When Living in Jakarta

Culture shock is not just an obstacle—it’s an opportunity for personal growth. Here’s how you can turn it into a positive experience.

1. Stop Trying to Be Perfect at Everything

No one is perfect, and expats should embrace their mistakes as part of the learning process. For example, many expats in Jakarta make small errors with language, but that’s a natural part of the adjustment process. Accepting imperfection helps you grow.

2. Read a Lot About Local Culture

Immerse yourself in Indonesian culture by reading books, watching local TV shows, or attending cultural events. Understanding the local traditions, festivals, and history of Jakarta will help you appreciate the city’s unique charm

3. When You Make a Mistake, Keep Your Cool

If you mispronounce a word in Bahasa Indonesia or accidentally offend someone, don’t panic. Apologize, laugh it off, and learn from the experience.

4. Engage in Self-Reflection

Reflect on your experiences regularly to understand how you’re adapting to your new life in Jakarta. This can help you identify areas of improvement and track your progress.

5. Get Feedback from Locals

Don’t be afraid to ask for feedback from local people. They can provide valuable insights into how you can better integrate into the culture and avoid making cultural faux pas.

The Bottom Line – How to Overcome Culture Shock for Expats in Jakarta

Culture shock is a natural part of the expat experience, especially in a bustling and diverse city like Jakarta. By understanding the stages of culture shock, recognizing its signs, and applying practical tips to cope, you can ease the transition. Stay patient, be open to learning, and embrace the unique experiences Jakarta has to offer. With time, you will not only overcome culture shock but also thrive in your new home.

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Ready to Make Your Move to Jakarta?

Navigating life as an expat in Jakarta doesn’t have to be overwhelming. At EZPZ Jakarta, we help expats adapt to their new life in the city by offering personalized services that support your relocation and cultural adjustment. Whether it’s finding the best local accommodations, navigating local bureaucracy, or connecting with the expat community, we’re here to make your transition smooth and enjoyable.

Visit EZPZ Jakarta today to explore our comprehensive services and get started on your journey to a seamless, exciting life in Jakarta!

FAQ – Living in Jakarta as an Expat